• Bill Clinton And North Korea's Nuclear Program

This chronology of the North Korean nuclear program has its roots in the 1950s and begins in earnest in 1989 with the end of the Cold War. On 26 January 2007.

North Korea (formally, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea or DPRK), has active and increasingly sophisticated and ballistic missile programs, and is believed to possess chemical and biological weapons capabilities. North Korea unilaterally withdrew from the in January 2003, is not a party to the, and has conducted six increasingly sophisticated nuclear tests since 2006. The DPRK is not a party to the, and is believed to possess a large chemical weapons program. Despite being a state party to the and evidence suggests North Korea may maintain an offensive biological weapons program. In defiance of the international community, which has imposed heavy on North Korea for its illicit behavior, the country has continued to escalate its activities. In July 2017, North Korea successfully tested its first, and in September 2017 it conducted a test of what it claimed was a.

1.Graphic shows DPRK capabilities as of February 2018 Click to Nuclear North Korea’s nuclear ambitions date to the Korean War in the 1950s, but came to the attention of the international community in 1992, when the discovered that its nuclear activities were more extensive than declared. 2 The revelations led North Korea to withdraw from the IAEA in 1994. In an effort to prevent North Korean withdrawal from the NPT, the and North Korea negotiated the, in which Pyongyang agreed to freeze its nuclear activities and give access to IAEA inspectors in exchange for U.S.-supplied and energy assistance. 3 The Agreed Framework broke down in 2002. 4 North Korea unilaterally withdrew from the NPT in January 2003, prompting, and the United States to engage North Korea in the Six-Party Talks in a further attempt at a diplomatic solution to the country’s nuclear program. The talks fell apart in 2009, and no serious diplomatic initiatives to denuclearize North Korea have occurred since. 5 North Korea produces both and, with one U.S.

Government estimate in 2017 suggesting the country may be producing enough nuclear material each year for 12 additional nuclear weapons. 6 Biological North Korea signed the Geneva Protocol and acceded to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) in 1987. Intelligence sources consider North Korea capable of biological weapons production and weaponization. 7 8 However, open source information on the status of the DPRK's biological weapons program varies.

The 2016 Defense White Paper by South Korea's Ministry of National Defense estimates that the DPRK possesses the causative agents of and smallpox, among others. Secretary of Defense’s 2015 report assesses that North Korea may consider the use of biological weapons as an option, contrary to its obligations under the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention (BTWC), but does not reference specific agent stockpiles.

10 Chemical North Korea is not a signatory to the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). 11 The DPRK’s pursuit of chemical weapons dates to 1954, and it most likely obtained indigenous offensive CW production capabilities in the early 1980s. 12 A South Korean 2016 Defense White Paper estimates that North Korea has stockpiled between 2,500 and 5,000 tons of CW agent. 13 Pyongyang has concentrated on acquiring, and. Reports indicate that the DPRK has approximately 12 facilities where raw chemicals, precursors, and agents are produced and/or stored, as well as six major storage depots for chemical weapons. 14 The United Nations Human Rights Council reported that North Korea may have tested chemical weapons on prisoners and the disabled in February 2014, though it could not independently confirm the accuracy of defector accounts.

15 In February 2017, the half-brother of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, Kim Jong-nam, was assassinated in the Kuala Lumpur international airport. Wanda to kyozou iso ps2 free. Following the attack, Malaysian officials announced that Kim Jong-nam was killed by suspected North Korean agents wielding the nerve agent.

Bill Clinton And North Korea's Nuclear Program

16 Missile North Korea possesses a large and increasingly sophisticated program, and conducts frequent missile test launches, heightening East Asian tensions. In 2017, North Korea successfully tested the Hwasong-14 and Hwasong-15, its first ICBMs, which experts believe are capable of delivering a nuclear payload anywhere in the United States. North Korea’s initiated its ballistic missile program in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when it acquired Soviet -type missiles from and reverse-engineered them. 17 In the early 1990’s, with assistance from and several other countries, North Korea began producing Nodong medium-range ballistic missiles (MRBM). 18 North Korea has developed and tested a number of new missiles since Kim Jong-un’s ascension to leadership in 2011, such as the Intermediate-Range Hwasong-12 and the Pukguksong solid fuel missiles. 19 In addition to its land-based ballistic missiles, North Korea has successfully tested a, the Pukguksong-1. 20 North Korea also has a, the Unha, which uses technologies closely related to its ballistic missiles.

21 North Korea is not a member of the. Visit the CNS/NTI for a comprehensive visualization of all of North Korea’s missile tests since 1984. Visit the to interact with 3D models of North Korea’s missiles. Sources: 1 Gabriel Dominguez and Karl Dewey and Markus Schiller and Neil Gibson, “North Korea claims second ICBM test launch shows all of US is within range,” IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly, 21 July 2107, www.janes.com. “Large nuclear test in North Korea on 3 September 2017,” Norwegian Seismic Array, 3 September 2017, www.norsar.no.

2 “Application of Safeguards in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,” IAEA, 2 September 2011, www.iaea.org. 3 “The DPRK’s Violation of its NPT Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA,” IAEA, www.iaea.org. 4 “CIA estimates on North Korea’s nuclear program provided to Congress on 19 November 2002,” Federation of American Scientists, www.fas.org. 5 Nick Hansen and Jeffrey Lewis, 'North Korea Restarting its 5 MW Reactor,' 38 North, 11 September 2013, www.38north.org. 6 Ankit Panda, “North Korea May Already Be Annually Accruing Enough Fissile Material for 12 Nuclear Weapons,” The Diplomat, 9 August 2017, www.thediplomat.com.

7 “Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Weapons, Covering 1 January to 31 December 2011,” Federation of American Scientists, www.fas.org. 8 'North Korea's Chemical and Biological Weapons Programs,' International Crisis Group, 18 June 2009, www.crisisgroup.org. 9 Republic of Korea, Ministry of National Defense, '2012 Defense White Paper,' 11 December 2012, p. 36, www.mnd.go.kr.

10 Office of the Secretary of Defense, 'Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 2015,' www.defense.gov. 11 Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, 'Non-Member States,' www.opcw.org. 12 Joseph Bermudez Jr., 'North Korea's Chemical Warfare Capabilities,' 38 North, 11 October 2013, 13 'Strategic Weapon System, Korea, North,' Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment, 5 July 2010. 14 'Strategic Weapon System, Korea, North,' Jane's Sentinel Security Assessment, 5 July 2010.

15 UN Human Rights Council, 'Report of the Detailed Finds of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea,' A/HRC/25/CRP.1, p. 93, 7 February 2014, www.un.org. 16 “Malaysian Police Say Kim Jong Nam Killed with VX Nerve Agent,” James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 24 February 2017, Nonproliferation.org. 17 Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., “Occasional Paper No.2: A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK,” James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, 1999, www.nonproliferation.org. 18 “No Dong 1,” Center for Strategic and International Studies Missile Defense Project, www.missilethreat.csis.org. 19 “The CNS North Korea Missile Database,” Nuclear Threat Initiative, www.nti.org.

20 Ju-min Park and Jack Kim, “North Korea fires submarine-launched ballistic missile towards Japan,” Reuters, 23 August 2016, www.reuters.com. 21 “The CNS North Korea Missile Database,” Nuclear Threat Initiative, www.nti.org.